search
The following results are related to North American Studies. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.

  • North American Studies
  • DE

Relevance
arrow_drop_down
  • Authors: Gsell, W.; Lange, Klaus W.; Pfeuffer, R.; Heckers, S.; +6 Authors

    The sophisticated analysis of and growing information on the human brain requires that acquisition, dissection, storage and distribution of rare material are managed in a professional way. In this publication we present the concept and practice of our brain bank. Both brain tissue and information are handled by standardized procedures and flow in parallel from pathology to neuropathology and neurochemistry. Data concerning brain material are updated with clinical information gained by standardized procedures. ISBN des Bandes: 3-211-82426-X , Titel "How to run a brain bank", hg. v.Cruz-Sánchez, Felix F.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    visibility157
    visibilityviews157
    downloaddownloads96
    Powered by Usage counts
    more_vert
  • Authors: Michael Zeuske;
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bachmann, Götz; Bialski, Paula;

    As data gathering technologies are permeating various corners of our lives, a number of stakeholders are attempting to map, track, analyse and define what is happening to our identity, our privacy, or our ways of being social. As notions like privacy, anonymity, data, unlinkability, or pseudonymity are being defined, many of these definitions, while sounding almost the same, shift meaning from discipline to discipline, from context to context, and from one political agenda to the other. In this interview with Marit Hansen, one of the most influential activists for data protection regulation in Germany, and the head of the Independent Centre for Data Protection (ULD) and the Data Protection Commissioner of Schleswig-Holstein, Hansen highlights the way in which her computer science discipline defines its terms and working categories, in a rapidly changing landscape of data gathering technologies. The interview draws heavily from her (co-authored with Andreas Pfitzmann) seminal paper in the computer science field around privacy, anonymity and ‘identity management,’ titled ‘A terminology for talking about privacy by data minimization: Anonymity, unlinkability, undetectability, unobservability, pseudonymity, and identity management’.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Forschungsindex und ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Forschungsindex und ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • Authors: Michael Zeuske;
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hildebrand, Jana;

    Fliegen spielen als Lästlinge und Überträger von Krankheitserregern weltweit eine bedeutende Rolle. Die moderne, intensive Schweinehaltung bietet der Stubenfliege (Musca domestica) optimale Lebensgrundlagen und Fortpflanzungsmöglichkeiten. Auf Grund der Schwimmschichtbildung in der üblichen Vollspaltenhaltung bei der Mastschweinehaltung, aber auch in ferkelerzeugenden Betrieben - verbunden mit einer gleichmäßig hohen Stalltemperatur - ist das ganze Jahr über eine von klimatischen Einflüssen unabhängige Vermehrung von M. domestica möglich. In den letzten Jahren wurde vermehrt von Insektizid-resistenten Fliegenpopulationen in Nutztierhaltungen berichtet. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, schweinehaltende Betriebe im Bundesland Schleswig-Holstein auf das Vorkommen und die Verbreitung von Insektizidresistenzen bei M. domestica zu untersuchen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen einer Fragebogenerhebung fand eine Querschnittsstudie zum Vorkommen und zur Verbreitung von Insektizidresistenzen auf 40 Betrieben statt. Hierbei wurde das Kontaktinsektizid Deltamethrin mittels der FlyBox®-Methode und Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid und Azamethiphos als Fraßgifte in den Handelsformulierungen, sowie Cyromazin- und Triflumuron-Präparate als handelsübliche Larvizide unter Feldbedingungen getestet. Aufgrund der Feldergebnisse wurden 19 auffällige Populationen ausgewählt und in nachfolgenden Generationen unter Laborbedingungen erneut getestet. Im Labor wurden die Versuche zusätzlich um eine topikale Applikation erweitert. Zum Einsatz kamen hier die Reinsubstanzen Pyrethrum, Deltamethrin, Phoxim, Azamethiphos, Thiamethoxam und Imidacloprid. Im Gegensatz zu den Eingangsuntersuchungen mit einer Dauer von einer Stunde betrug die Exponierungsdauer bei den Fraßgiftversuchen im Labor 48 Stunden, um eine sichere Aufnahme des Wirkstoffes zu gewährleisten. Außerdem wurden die Larvizide abweichend von ihrer Handelskonzentration getestet. Die Fragebogenerhebung ergab, dass die meisten Fliegen in den Monaten Juli bis September auftreten und auf den Betrieben überwiegend chemisch bekämpft wurden. Zur Anwendung kamen dabei sowohl Adultizide, als auch Larvizide. Die Wirksamkeit der eingesetzten Insektizide wurde von den Landwirten überwiegend als zufriedenstellend beurteilt. Die Untersuchungen im Feld zeigten bei einer Exponierung von einer Stunde deutliche Wirkungsunterschiede zwischen den Fraßgiften. Thiamethoxam (Agita®) erreichte mit durchschnittlich 91 % die höchste Paralyserate nach 24 Stunden. Im Gegensatz hierzu betrug die durchschnittliche Paralyserate nach 24 Stunden für Imidacloprid (FlyGold®) 62% und für Azamethiphos (FlySelect®) 66 %. Die Versuche mit dem synthetischen Pyrethroid Deltamethrin ergaben mittels der FlyBox®-Methode deutliche Resistenzhinweise. Zwanzig von 40 untersuchten Feldpopulationen (50 %) zeigten nach einer 10 Sekunden dauernden Exponierung mit dem Kontaktgift Deltamethrin nach 60 Minuten Beobachtungsdauer eine Paralyse von unter 40 %. Beim Einsatz des Larvizids Triflumuron (Baycidal®) schlüpften ungeachtet der im Medium eingesetzten Handelskonzentration von 5 mg/kg weiterhin etwa 30 % adulte Stubenfliegen aus kultivierten Eiablagen der untersuchten Feldpopulationen. Cyromazin (Neporex®) in der empfohlenen Gebrauchskonzentration von 5 mg/kg war bei diesen Populationen zu 100 % wirksam. Bei der Wiederholung der Fraßgiftversuche unter Laborbedingungen erreichte das Neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam (Agita®) bis drei Stunden nach der Exponierung die höchste und schnellste Paralysewirkung. Nach 48 Stunden resultierte Thiamethoxam in einer mittleren Paralyserate von 94 %. Nach 4-stündiger Exponierung zeigten die Fliegen gegenüber dem Phosphorsäureester Azamethiphos (FlySelect®) mit durchschnittlich 62 % die höchste Paralyserate. Nach einer Exponierungszeit von 48 Stunden waren 96 % der Fliegen durch den Wirkstoff paralysiert. Imidacloprid erwies sich im Vergleich zu Azamethiphos und Thiamethoxam als am wenigsten wirksam, was die Ergebnisse der Feldversuche bestätigte. In der topikalen Applikation zeigte das natürliche Pyrethrum nur eine geringe Wirkung. Die Applikation der einfachen „Discriminating Dose“ (DD) von 2.200 ng pro Fliege zeigte nach 24 Stunden nur eine mittlere Paralyserate von 38 %. Das synthetische Insektizid Deltamethrin zeigte in dieser Dosierung nach 24 Stunden eine durchschnittliche Paralyse von 86 %. Die im Feld mit der FlyBox® Methode beobachtete hohe Resistenz konnte nach topikaler Applikation von Deltamethrin im Labor nicht im gleichen Maße bestätigt werden. In zukünftigen Resistenzuntersuchungen sollte daher die Dosis für Deltamethrin in der topikalen Applikation niedriger angesetzt werden, um das Resistenzspektrum genauer erfassen zu können. Mit dem Phosphorsäureester Phoxim konnte nach topikaler Applikation der einfachen DD von 310 ng pro Fliege eine mittlere Paralyserate von 28 % beobachtet werden, welche durch Dosiserhöhung auf das 16-fache auf eine mittlere Wirksamkeit von 93 % gesteigert werden konnte. Auch gegenüber Azamethiphos konnte nach Applikation der bekannten „Discriminating Dose“ von 310 ng pro Fliege eine Resistenz beobachtet werden. Zwölf Feldpopulationen (71%) zeigten eine mittelgradige Resistenz, drei Populationen (18 %) waren hoch resistent. Bei Thiamethoxam und Imidacloprid konnten trotz der Verwendung des Aceton-Öl-Gemisches als Trägersubstanz keine hohen Paralyseraten in der topikalen Applikation nachgewiesen werden. Das Neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam erreichte 24 Stunden nach Applikation der DD von 320 ng pro Fliege eine durchschnittliche Paralyserate von 37 %. Auch durch Dosiserhöhung auf das 16-fache der DD konnte die durchschnittliche Paralyserate lediglich auf 76 % gesteigert werden. Eine noch geringere Wirksamkeit zeigte in der topikalen Applikation das Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid. Selbst mit der 16-fachen DD wurde lediglich eine mittlere Paralyserate von 54 % erzielt. In den Larvizidversuchen führte Cyromazin in einer Konzentration von 4 mg / kg zu einer 100 %-igen Inhibition, die bereits zuvor bei der Applikation der Handelskonzentration von 5 mg/kg im Feldversuch nachgewiesen wurde. Selbst eine deutliche Unterdosierung von 1 mg/kg resultierte noch in einer mittleren Entwicklungshemmung von 79 %. Triflumuron zeigte in einer Konzentration von 4 mg/kg Medium nur eine Inhibition bei 5 der 19 untersuchten Populationen (26 %). Zukünftig sollten vor dem Einsatz von Adultiziden Untersuchungen über die spezifische Resistenzlage durchgeführt werden. Außerdem sollte der Einsatz persistierender Pyrethroide eingeschränkt werden. Stattdessen sollten bevorzugt natürliche Pyrethrine mit Synergisten wie Piperonylbutoxid (PBO) eingesetzt werden. Der strategische Einsatz chemischer Mittel unter Berücksichtigung der saisonalen Populationsdynamik ist ein Weg, bereits bestehende Resistenzen nicht weiter zu fördern und die Entwicklung neuer Resistenzen zu verhindern. Weitere sinnvolle Ansätze sind ein planmäßiger Wechsel der noch vorhandenen und wirksamen Wirkstoffe, die mechanische Bekämpfung durch regelmäßige Entfernung der Gülle (in Wochenabständen), sowie - alternativ zur chemischen - die biologische Bekämpfung z. B. mittels Güllefliegen. Globally, house flies (Musca domestica) play an important role by disturbing livestock and by transmitting disease pathogens. The modern and intensively managed pig farms offer house flies optimal conditions for their survival and reproduction. The floating layer of manure in the current, completely slatted floor system for keeping fattening pigs or sows – together with constantly high temperatures – allows fly reproduction throughout the year regardless of external climatic influence. During recent years there have been reports on an increase of insecticide resistance (IR) in animal husbandry management systems. The aim of this study was to assess the eventual occurrence and the distribution of insecticide resistance in M. domestica on pig farms of the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein. A cross sectional survey assessing occurrence and distribution of IR was conducted on 40 pig farms based on the results of a preliminary questionnaire survey. The susceptibility of M. domestica against the contact insecticide deltamethrin was evaluated by using the FlyBox®-method. Commercial formulations of thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and azamethiphos – all of them feed-through insecticides – were tested under pen side conditions as were the larvicides cyromazine and triflumuron. The results allowed selecting 19 conspicuous fly populations, which were subsequently assessed following their establishment as laboratory strains. Additionally, the topical application was used for an evaluation of pyrethrum, deltamethrin, phoxim, azamethiphos, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid as pure active ingredients. While the exposure for feed-through insecticides lasted for one hour during the on-farm assays, the exposure lasted for 48 hours under laboratory conditions in order to ensure an optimal intake of the active ingredient. The efficacy of both larvicides was also assessed by using other than commercial concentrations. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that highest fly numbers were observed from July to September. Use of chemical products constituted the mainstay of pest management. Products against adult insects as well as larvicides were routinely used and their efficacy judged as mostly satisfactory by the farmers. On-farm assays showed distinct differences between the feed-through insecticides azamethiphos, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid after an exposure of 1 hour. At the end of an observation period of 24 hours thiamethoxam was found to be the most effective with an average paralysis rate of 91 % contrasting with, respectively, 66 % for azamethiphos and 62% for imidacloprid. Trials with the pyrethroid deltamethrin by using the FlyBox®-method indicated considerable resistance of the field populations. Following an exposure for 10 seconds, 20 (50 %) of the populations displayed a paralysis inferior to 40 % after 60 minutes. Despite treatment with triflumuron of the larval medium at the commercially recommended dose (5 mg/kg), about 30 % flies were able to emerge from egg deposits. Cyromazine proved to be 100 % effective at the commercially recommended dose of 5 mg/kg. Repetition of the tests with feed-through insecticides under laboratory conditions showed after 3 hours thiamethoxam to achieve the fastest and highest paralysis. The average paralysis rate after 48 hours amounted to 94 %. When exposed to azamethiphos, the highest average paralysis rate was recorded after 4 hours (62 %). Exposure for 48 hours resulted in a paralysis of 96 %. Imidacloprid was found to be the least effective, thereby confirming the results of the on-farm assays. Natural pyrethrum showed little effect when topically applied. Application of the discriminating dose (DD) of 2.200 ng per fly resulted in an average paralysis of 38 % after 24 hours. However, the same dose resulted in an average paralysis of 86 % when the pyrethroid deltamethrin was used, which contrasted with the results of the on-farm assays when the FlyBox® method had been used. A reduction of the amount of the active ingredient should be considered in future work dealing with an assessment of IR. It is expected that this approach would help to better understand the range of IR. The topical application of the DD of the phosphoric acid phoxim resulted in an average paralysis rate of 28 %. A 16-fold increase of the DD increased the average paralysis to 93 %. When applying the DD for azamethiphos of 310 ng per fly, 12 (71 %) displayed a medium resistance but three populations proved to be highly resistant. Both thiamethoxam und imidacloprid did not induce notable paralysis when topically applied despite their mixture with acetone and oil as solvent. Thiamethoxam showed an average paralysis of 37 % after 24 hours when the DD of 320 ng per fly was applied. A 16-fold increase of the DD yielded an average paralysis of only 76 %. Imidacloprid proved even less effective. The 16-fold DD only produced an average paralysis of 54 %. The larvicidal tests confirmed prior results of the on-farm evaluations: cyromazine used in a dose of 4 mg/kg resulted in 100 % inhibition. The commercially recommended dose amounts to 5 mg/kg. Even a further reduction to 1 mg/kg prevented the emergence by 79 % on average. This contrasted with the findings when triflumuron was used: 4 mg/kg medium merely inhibited the development of 5 out of the 19 tested populations (26 %). It can be concluded that an eventual IR has to be ruled out before the selection of a specific insecticide for the control of adult flies. The use of persistent pyrethroids should be avoided. Preference should be given to natural derives of pyrethrum that are reinforced by synergists like piperonyl butoxide (PBO). A strategic application of chemical products is recommended taking into account seasonal population dynamics, which might assist in avoiding an exacerbation of already existing IR and to prevent new resistance. Further sensible approaches are a rotational scheme of still effective ingredients and a regular mechanical dung removal at weekly intervals. Biological control methods, e.g. releases of insect parasitoids should be considered as another alternative.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Refubium - Repositor...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    1
    citations1
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Refubium - Repositor...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mirko Pegoraro; Laura M. M. Flavell; Pamela Menegazzi; Colombi P; +3 Authors

    AbstractMost animals restrict their activity to a specific part of the day, being diurnal, nocturnal or crepuscular. The genetic basis underlying diurnal preference is largely unknown. Under laboratory conditions, Drosophila melanogaster is crepuscular, showing a bi-modal activity profile. However, a survey of strains derived from wild populations indicated that high variability among individuals exists, with diurnal and nocturnal flies being observed. Using a highly diverse population, we have carried out an artificial selection experiment, selecting flies with extreme diurnal or nocturnal preference. After 10 generations, we obtained highly diurnal and nocturnal strains. We used whole-genome expression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular (control) flies. Other than one circadian clock gene (pdp1), most differentially expressed genes were associated with either clock output (pdf, to) or input (Rh3, Rh2, msn). This finding was congruent with behavioural experiments indicating that both light masking and the circadian pacemaker are involved in driving nocturnality. The diurnal and nocturnal selection strains provide us with a unique opportunity to understand the genetic architecture of diurnal preference.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ bioRxivarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://www.biorxiv.org/conten...
    Preprint
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    2
    citations2
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ bioRxivarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://www.biorxiv.org/conten...
      Preprint
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Manfred Wolfson;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao American Political S...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    American Political Science Review
    Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao American Political S...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      American Political Science Review
      Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Gregory Taylor;

    One of the tasks accomplished during the mad gallop towards German Reunification in 1990 was the virtually complete disposal of an entire legal system, that of East Germany, in the rubbish bin. Today, in the western part of Germany at least, East German legal history is barely remembered, and the general impression is that that legal system was an example of systematised injustice.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Hans Eberhard Mayer;
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Brüstle, Stefan; Manger, Daniel; Mück, Klaus; Heinze, Norbert;

    For many tasks in the fields of reconnaissance and surveillance it is important to know the spatial location represented by the imagery to be exploited. A task involving the assessment of changes, e.g. the appearance or disappearance of an object of interest at a certain location, can typically not be accomplished without spatial location information associated with the imagery. Often, such georeferenced imagery is stored in an archive enabling the user to query for the data with respect to its spatial location. Thus, the user is able to effectively find spatially corresponding imagery to be used for change detection tasks. In the field of exploitation of video taken from unmanned aerial systems (UAS), spatial location data is usually acquired using a GPS receiver, together with an INS device providing the sensor orientation, both integrated in the UAS. If during a flight valid GPS data becomes unavailable for a period of time, e.g. due to sensor malfunction, transmission problems or jamming, the imagery gathered during that time is not applicable for change detection tasks based merely on its georeference. Furthermore, GPS and INS inaccuracy together with a potentially poor knowledge of ground elevation can also render location information inapplicable. On the other hand, change detection tasks can be hard to accomplish even if imagery is well georeferenced as a result of occlusions within the imagery, due to e.g. clouds or fog, or image artefacts, due to e.g. transmission problems. In these cases a merely georeference based approach to find spatially corresponding imagery can also be inapplicable. In this paper, we present a search method based on the content of the images to find imagery spatially corresponding to given imagery independent from georeference quality. Using methods from content-based image retrieval, we build an image database which allows for querying even large imagery archives efficiently. We further evaluate the benefits of this method in the context of a video exploitation workflow on the basis of its integration into our video archive system.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205...
    Conference object . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Fraunhofer-ePrints
    Conference object . 2014
    Data sources: Fraunhofer-ePrints
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    1
    citations1
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205...
      Conference object . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Fraunhofer-ePrints
      Conference object . 2014
      Data sources: Fraunhofer-ePrints
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
search
The following results are related to North American Studies. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
  • Authors: Gsell, W.; Lange, Klaus W.; Pfeuffer, R.; Heckers, S.; +6 Authors

    The sophisticated analysis of and growing information on the human brain requires that acquisition, dissection, storage and distribution of rare material are managed in a professional way. In this publication we present the concept and practice of our brain bank. Both brain tissue and information are handled by standardized procedures and flow in parallel from pathology to neuropathology and neurochemistry. Data concerning brain material are updated with clinical information gained by standardized procedures. ISBN des Bandes: 3-211-82426-X , Titel "How to run a brain bank", hg. v.Cruz-Sánchez, Felix F.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    visibility157
    visibilityviews157
    downloaddownloads96
    Powered by Usage counts
    more_vert
  • Authors: Michael Zeuske;
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bachmann, Götz; Bialski, Paula;

    As data gathering technologies are permeating various corners of our lives, a number of stakeholders are attempting to map, track, analyse and define what is happening to our identity, our privacy, or our ways of being social. As notions like privacy, anonymity, data, unlinkability, or pseudonymity are being defined, many of these definitions, while sounding almost the same, shift meaning from discipline to discipline, from context to context, and from one political agenda to the other. In this interview with Marit Hansen, one of the most influential activists for data protection regulation in Germany, and the head of the Independent Centre for Data Protection (ULD) and the Data Protection Commissioner of Schleswig-Holstein, Hansen highlights the way in which her computer science discipline defines its terms and working categories, in a rapidly changing landscape of data gathering technologies. The interview draws heavily from her (co-authored with Andreas Pfitzmann) seminal paper in the computer science field around privacy, anonymity and ‘identity management,’ titled ‘A terminology for talking about privacy by data minimization: Anonymity, unlinkability, undetectability, unobservability, pseudonymity, and identity management’.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Forschungsindex und ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Forschungsindex und ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • Authors: Michael Zeuske;
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hildebrand, Jana;

    Fliegen spielen als Lästlinge und Überträger von Krankheitserregern weltweit eine bedeutende Rolle. Die moderne, intensive Schweinehaltung bietet der Stubenfliege (Musca domestica) optimale Lebensgrundlagen und Fortpflanzungsmöglichkeiten. Auf Grund der Schwimmschichtbildung in der üblichen Vollspaltenhaltung bei der Mastschweinehaltung, aber auch in ferkelerzeugenden Betrieben - verbunden mit einer gleichmäßig hohen Stalltemperatur - ist das ganze Jahr über eine von klimatischen Einflüssen unabhängige Vermehrung von M. domestica möglich. In den letzten Jahren wurde vermehrt von Insektizid-resistenten Fliegenpopulationen in Nutztierhaltungen berichtet. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, schweinehaltende Betriebe im Bundesland Schleswig-Holstein auf das Vorkommen und die Verbreitung von Insektizidresistenzen bei M. domestica zu untersuchen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen einer Fragebogenerhebung fand eine Querschnittsstudie zum Vorkommen und zur Verbreitung von Insektizidresistenzen auf 40 Betrieben statt. Hierbei wurde das Kontaktinsektizid Deltamethrin mittels der FlyBox®-Methode und Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid und Azamethiphos als Fraßgifte in den Handelsformulierungen, sowie Cyromazin- und Triflumuron-Präparate als handelsübliche Larvizide unter Feldbedingungen getestet. Aufgrund der Feldergebnisse wurden 19 auffällige Populationen ausgewählt und in nachfolgenden Generationen unter Laborbedingungen erneut getestet. Im Labor wurden die Versuche zusätzlich um eine topikale Applikation erweitert. Zum Einsatz kamen hier die Reinsubstanzen Pyrethrum, Deltamethrin, Phoxim, Azamethiphos, Thiamethoxam und Imidacloprid. Im Gegensatz zu den Eingangsuntersuchungen mit einer Dauer von einer Stunde betrug die Exponierungsdauer bei den Fraßgiftversuchen im Labor 48 Stunden, um eine sichere Aufnahme des Wirkstoffes zu gewährleisten. Außerdem wurden die Larvizide abweichend von ihrer Handelskonzentration getestet. Die Fragebogenerhebung ergab, dass die meisten Fliegen in den Monaten Juli bis September auftreten und auf den Betrieben überwiegend chemisch bekämpft wurden. Zur Anwendung kamen dabei sowohl Adultizide, als auch Larvizide. Die Wirksamkeit der eingesetzten Insektizide wurde von den Landwirten überwiegend als zufriedenstellend beurteilt. Die Untersuchungen im Feld zeigten bei einer Exponierung von einer Stunde deutliche Wirkungsunterschiede zwischen den Fraßgiften. Thiamethoxam (Agita®) erreichte mit durchschnittlich 91 % die höchste Paralyserate nach 24 Stunden. Im Gegensatz hierzu betrug die durchschnittliche Paralyserate nach 24 Stunden für Imidacloprid (FlyGold®) 62% und für Azamethiphos (FlySelect®) 66 %. Die Versuche mit dem synthetischen Pyrethroid Deltamethrin ergaben mittels der FlyBox®-Methode deutliche Resistenzhinweise. Zwanzig von 40 untersuchten Feldpopulationen (50 %) zeigten nach einer 10 Sekunden dauernden Exponierung mit dem Kontaktgift Deltamethrin nach 60 Minuten Beobachtungsdauer eine Paralyse von unter 40 %. Beim Einsatz des Larvizids Triflumuron (Baycidal®) schlüpften ungeachtet der im Medium eingesetzten Handelskonzentration von 5 mg/kg weiterhin etwa 30 % adulte Stubenfliegen aus kultivierten Eiablagen der untersuchten Feldpopulationen. Cyromazin (Neporex®) in der empfohlenen Gebrauchskonzentration von 5 mg/kg war bei diesen Populationen zu 100 % wirksam. Bei der Wiederholung der Fraßgiftversuche unter Laborbedingungen erreichte das Neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam (Agita®) bis drei Stunden nach der Exponierung die höchste und schnellste Paralysewirkung. Nach 48 Stunden resultierte Thiamethoxam in einer mittleren Paralyserate von 94 %. Nach 4-stündiger Exponierung zeigten die Fliegen gegenüber dem Phosphorsäureester Azamethiphos (FlySelect®) mit durchschnittlich 62 % die höchste Paralyserate. Nach einer Exponierungszeit von 48 Stunden waren 96 % der Fliegen durch den Wirkstoff paralysiert. Imidacloprid erwies sich im Vergleich zu Azamethiphos und Thiamethoxam als am wenigsten wirksam, was die Ergebnisse der Feldversuche bestätigte. In der topikalen Applikation zeigte das natürliche Pyrethrum nur eine geringe Wirkung. Die Applikation der einfachen „Discriminating Dose“ (DD) von 2.200 ng pro Fliege zeigte nach 24 Stunden nur eine mittlere Paralyserate von 38 %. Das synthetische Insektizid Deltamethrin zeigte in dieser Dosierung nach 24 Stunden eine durchschnittliche Paralyse von 86 %. Die im Feld mit der FlyBox® Methode beobachtete hohe Resistenz konnte nach topikaler Applikation von Deltamethrin im Labor nicht im gleichen Maße bestätigt werden. In zukünftigen Resistenzuntersuchungen sollte daher die Dosis für Deltamethrin in der topikalen Applikation niedriger angesetzt werden, um das Resistenzspektrum genauer erfassen zu können. Mit dem Phosphorsäureester Phoxim konnte nach topikaler Applikation der einfachen DD von 310 ng pro Fliege eine mittlere Paralyserate von 28 % beobachtet werden, welche durch Dosiserhöhung auf das 16-fache auf eine mittlere Wirksamkeit von 93 % gesteigert werden konnte. Auch gegenüber Azamethiphos konnte nach Applikation der bekannten „Discriminating Dose“ von 310 ng pro Fliege eine Resistenz beobachtet werden. Zwölf Feldpopulationen (71%) zeigten eine mittelgradige Resistenz, drei Populationen (18 %) waren hoch resistent. Bei Thiamethoxam und Imidacloprid konnten trotz der Verwendung des Aceton-Öl-Gemisches als Trägersubstanz keine hohen Paralyseraten in der topikalen Applikation nachgewiesen werden. Das Neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam erreichte 24 Stunden nach Applikation der DD von 320 ng pro Fliege eine durchschnittliche Paralyserate von 37 %. Auch durch Dosiserhöhung auf das 16-fache der DD konnte die durchschnittliche Paralyserate lediglich auf 76 % gesteigert werden. Eine noch geringere Wirksamkeit zeigte in der topikalen Applikation das Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid. Selbst mit der 16-fachen DD wurde lediglich eine mittlere Paralyserate von 54 % erzielt. In den Larvizidversuchen führte Cyromazin in einer Konzentration von 4 mg / kg zu einer 100 %-igen Inhibition, die bereits zuvor bei der Applikation der Handelskonzentration von 5 mg/kg im Feldversuch nachgewiesen wurde. Selbst eine deutliche Unterdosierung von 1 mg/kg resultierte noch in einer mittleren Entwicklungshemmung von 79 %. Triflumuron zeigte in einer Konzentration von 4 mg/kg Medium nur eine Inhibition bei 5 der 19 untersuchten Populationen (26 %). Zukünftig sollten vor dem Einsatz von Adultiziden Untersuchungen über die spezifische Resistenzlage durchgeführt werden. Außerdem sollte der Einsatz persistierender Pyrethroide eingeschränkt werden. Stattdessen sollten bevorzugt natürliche Pyrethrine mit Synergisten wie Piperonylbutoxid (PBO) eingesetzt werden. Der strategische Einsatz chemischer Mittel unter Berücksichtigung der saisonalen Populationsdynamik ist ein Weg, bereits bestehende Resistenzen nicht weiter zu fördern und die Entwicklung neuer Resistenzen zu verhindern. Weitere sinnvolle Ansätze sind ein planmäßiger Wechsel der noch vorhandenen und wirksamen Wirkstoffe, die mechanische Bekämpfung durch regelmäßige Entfernung der Gülle (in Wochenabständen), sowie - alternativ zur chemischen - die biologische Bekämpfung z. B. mittels Güllefliegen. Globally, house flies (Musca domestica) play an important role by disturbing livestock and by transmitting disease pathogens. The modern and intensively managed pig farms offer house flies optimal conditions for their survival and reproduction. The floating layer of manure in the current, completely slatted floor system for keeping fattening pigs or sows – together with constantly high temperatures – allows fly reproduction throughout the year regardless of external climatic influence. During recent years there have been reports on an increase of insecticide resistance (IR) in animal husbandry management systems. The aim of this study was to assess the eventual occurrence and the distribution of insecticide resistance in M. domestica on pig farms of the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein. A cross sectional survey assessing occurrence and distribution of IR was conducted on 40 pig farms based on the results of a preliminary questionnaire survey. The susceptibility of M. domestica against the contact insecticide deltamethrin was evaluated by using the FlyBox®-method. Commercial formulations of thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and azamethiphos – all of them feed-through insecticides – were tested under pen side conditions as were the larvicides cyromazine and triflumuron. The results allowed selecting 19 conspicuous fly populations, which were subsequently assessed following their establishment as laboratory strains. Additionally, the topical application was used for an evaluation of pyrethrum, deltamethrin, phoxim, azamethiphos, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid as pure active ingredients. While the exposure for feed-through insecticides lasted for one hour during the on-farm assays, the exposure lasted for 48 hours under laboratory conditions in order to ensure an optimal intake of the active ingredient. The efficacy of both larvicides was also assessed by using other than commercial concentrations. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that highest fly numbers were observed from July to September. Use of chemical products constituted the mainstay of pest management. Products against adult insects as well as larvicides were routinely used and their efficacy judged as mostly satisfactory by the farmers. On-farm assays showed distinct differences between the feed-through insecticides azamethiphos, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid after an exposure of 1 hour. At the end of an observation period of 24 hours thiamethoxam was found to be the most effective with an average paralysis rate of 91 % contrasting with, respectively, 66 % for azamethiphos and 62% for imidacloprid. Trials with the pyrethroid deltamethrin by using the FlyBox®-method indicated considerable resistance of the field populations. Following an exposure for 10 seconds, 20 (50 %) of the populations displayed a paralysis inferior to 40 % after 60 minutes. Despite treatment with triflumuron of the larval medium at the commercially recommended dose (5 mg/kg), about 30 % flies were able to emerge from egg deposits. Cyromazine proved to be 100 % effective at the commercially recommended dose of 5 mg/kg. Repetition of the tests with feed-through insecticides under laboratory conditions showed after 3 hours thiamethoxam to achieve the fastest and highest paralysis. The average paralysis rate after 48 hours amounted to 94 %. When exposed to azamethiphos, the highest average paralysis rate was recorded after 4 hours (62 %). Exposure for 48 hours resulted in a paralysis of 96 %. Imidacloprid was found to be the least effective, thereby confirming the results of the on-farm assays. Natural pyrethrum showed little effect when topically applied. Application of the discriminating dose (DD) of 2.200 ng per fly resulted in an average paralysis of 38 % after 24 hours. However, the same dose resulted in an average paralysis of 86 % when the pyrethroid deltamethrin was used, which contrasted with the results of the on-farm assays when the FlyBox® method had been used. A reduction of the amount of the active ingredient should be considered in future work dealing with an assessment of IR. It is expected that this approach would help to better understand the range of IR. The topical application of the DD of the phosphoric acid phoxim resulted in an average paralysis rate of 28 %. A 16-fold increase of the DD increased the average paralysis to 93 %. When applying the DD for azamethiphos of 310 ng per fly, 12 (71 %) displayed a medium resistance but three populations proved to be highly resistant. Both thiamethoxam und imidacloprid did not induce notable paralysis when topically applied despite their mixture with acetone and oil as solvent. Thiamethoxam showed an average paralysis of 37 % after 24 hours when the DD of 320 ng per fly was applied. A 16-fold increase of the DD yielded an average paralysis of only 76 %. Imidacloprid proved even less effective. The 16-fold DD only produced an average paralysis of 54 %. The larvicidal tests confirmed prior results of the on-farm evaluations: cyromazine used in a dose of 4 mg/kg resulted in 100 % inhibition. The commercially recommended dose amounts to 5 mg/kg. Even a further reduction to 1 mg/kg prevented the emergence by 79 % on average. This contrasted with the findings when triflumuron was used: 4 mg/kg medium merely inhibited the development of 5 out of the 19 tested populations (26 %). It can be concluded that an eventual IR has to be ruled out before the selection of a specific insecticide for the control of adult flies. The use of persistent pyrethroids should be avoided. Preference should be given to natural derives of pyrethrum that are reinforced by synergists like piperonyl butoxide (PBO). A strategic application of chemical products is recommended taking into account seasonal population dynamics, which might assist in avoiding an exacerbation of already existing IR and to prevent new resistance. Further sensible approaches are a rotational scheme of still effective ingredients and a regular mechanical dung removal at weekly intervals. Biological control methods, e.g. releases of insect parasitoids should be considered as another alternative.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Refubium - Repositor...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    1
    citations1
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Refubium - Repositor...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mirko Pegoraro; Laura M. M. Flavell; Pamela Menegazzi; Colombi P; +3 Authors

    AbstractMost animals restrict their activity to a specific part of the day, being diurnal, nocturnal or crepuscular. The genetic basis underlying diurnal preference is largely unknown. Under laboratory conditions, Drosophila melanogaster is crepuscular, showing a bi-modal activity profile. However, a survey of strains derived from wild populations indicated that high variability among individuals exists, with diurnal and nocturnal flies being observed. Using a highly diverse population, we have carried out an artificial selection experiment, selecting flies with extreme diurnal or nocturnal preference. After 10 generations, we obtained highly diurnal and nocturnal strains. We used whole-genome expression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular (control) flies. Other than one circadian clock gene (pdp1), most differentially expressed genes were associated with either clock output (pdf, to) or input (Rh3, Rh2, msn). This finding was congruent with behavioural experiments indicating that both light masking and the circadian pacemaker are involved in driving nocturnality. The diurnal and nocturnal selection strains provide us with a unique opportunity to understand the genetic architecture of diurnal preference.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ bioRxivarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://www.biorxiv.org/conten...
    Preprint
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    2
    citations2
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ bioRxivarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://www.biorxiv.org/conten...
      Preprint
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Manfred Wolfson;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao American Political S...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    American Political Science Review
    Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao American Political S...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      American Political Science Review
      Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Gregory Taylor;

    One of the tasks accomplished during the mad gallop towards German Reunification in 1990 was the virtually complete disposal of an entire legal system, that of East Germany, in the rubbish bin. Today, in the western part of Germany at least, East German legal history is barely remembered, and the general impression is that that legal system was an example of systematised injustice.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Hans Eberhard Mayer;
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Brüstle, Stefan; Manger, Daniel; Mück, Klaus; Heinze, Norbert;

    For many tasks in the fields of reconnaissance and surveillance it is important to know the spatial location represented by the imagery to be exploited. A task involving the assessment of changes, e.g. the appearance or disappearance of an object of interest at a certain location, can typically not be accomplished without spatial location information associated with the imagery. Often, such georeferenced imagery is stored in an archive enabling the user to query for the data with respect to its spatial location. Thus, the user is able to effectively find spatially corresponding imagery to be used for change detection tasks. In the field of exploitation of video taken from unmanned aerial systems (UAS), spatial location data is usually acquired using a GPS receiver, together with an INS device providing the sensor orientation, both integrated in the UAS. If during a flight valid GPS data becomes unavailable for a period of time, e.g. due to sensor malfunction, transmission problems or jamming, the imagery gathered during that time is not applicable for change detection tasks based merely on its georeference. Furthermore, GPS and INS inaccuracy together with a potentially poor knowledge of ground elevation can also render location information inapplicable. On the other hand, change detection tasks can be hard to accomplish even if imagery is well georeferenced as a result of occlusions within the imagery, due to e.g. clouds or fog, or image artefacts, due to e.g. transmission problems. In these cases a merely georeference based approach to find spatially corresponding imagery can also be inapplicable. In this paper, we present a search method based on the content of the images to find imagery spatially corresponding to given imagery independent from georeference quality. Using methods from content-based image retrieval, we build an image database which allows for querying even large imagery archives efficiently. We further evaluate the benefits of this method in the context of a video exploitation workflow on the basis of its integration into our video archive system.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205...
    Conference object . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Fraunhofer-ePrints
    Conference object . 2014
    Data sources: Fraunhofer-ePrints
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    1
    citations1
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.205...
      Conference object . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Fraunhofer-ePrints
      Conference object . 2014
      Data sources: Fraunhofer-ePrints
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.